Which of the following is a primary source?

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Understanding primary sources means looking for firsthand, original materials created during the time of the event by someone who experienced it. A diary kept during a historical event fits this perfectly: it is a direct, personal record from someone who lived through what happened, with observations, dates, and feelings written in the writer’s own words. Because it comes straight from the creator and before later interpretation, it provides unfiltered evidence about the event for researchers. The other options aren’t primary sources in this common sense: a modern encyclopedia article summarizes and analyzes the event after the fact; a peer‑reviewed article interpreting the diary analyzes it and places it in context rather than presenting original firsthand evidence; a film about the event typically conveys information that has been compiled and interpreted by others, though it could be primary if it consists of original footage recorded during the event.